You can use \setlength to change them as desired -- e. Here one employs TABstacks in lieu of the bmatrix environment. I can add a vspace{-1em} after each itemize to remove the space, but that seems like fighting the LaTeX rather than embracing it. Type the following text in 'quiz. . When TeX breaks a line it discards white space (glue) that would come at the start of a line. If you want to omit the date completely, use date {}, which stores an empty string. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. 125} instead of singlespacing and onehalfspacing. 5pt, that is hardly noticed. Sep 9, 2014 at 23:58. after vspace or hspace or after the primitives which are called. The length of the space can be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands, i. You could use vsplit, but for a document like this I believe that visual formatting is better. To get the correct spacing above a vertical box you should use vtop instead of vbox for the reasons outlined above. This will effect all figures. vspace*{-2em} lipsum[2] end{document} I want to do this globally, getting rid of the spacing denoted by the red rectangles. The following are length commands that generate horizontal space with their various descriptions and examples. 8 Your command was ignored. vspace{ 1cm } %Example of different font sizes and types In this example, a command and a switch are used. To fill the line, we can use it as given below. Note: This was posted before the OP updated his question to make it clear that he wanted a problem to be solved; not documentation. If LaTeX decides to break between lines at a point in the document where an \hspace is specified, then no white space is produced. I am using a float inside the text. I am using the usual algorithm package for a paper. Here is the context: documentclass {report} usepackage {setspace,relsize,needspace,etoolbox} makeatletter preto {@verbatim} { opsep=-1. To add some (negative) space at random places in your document, you could use vspace*{-<height>}, play with addtolength, or look at Change whitespace above and below a section heading. I have already sorted out table of contents by adding the only link addtocontents{toc}{protectvspace{-2cm}}. More precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page. If that doesn´t work, a full, but minimal file. It is obvious that if you leave them blank, only the subfigure numbers will be generated. From the titlesec package. It can. And I slept. In summary, \qquad doubles the effect of \quad. One option is to use the commands setlength and arraystretch to change the horizontal spacing (column separation) and the vertical spacing (row separation) respectively; for example: The following example, which can be opened directly in Overleaf, demonstrates the use of setlength and arraystretch spacings. I would like to control the vertical separation between two formulas inside egin {equation} end {equation}, is this possible? Here it is an example of what I want (using an ugly trick):Regular vspace adds space only at the end of a line or between paragraphs (which is its normal use). 19. Example may be a sign-in sheet where there is a line on which a person sign and his name is written immediately below this line. Regarding the second question: The @ isn't needed with words ending with lowercase letters. Let's begin with an example: Some of the extbf{ greatest } discoveries in underline{ science } were made by extbf{ extit{ accident }} . chapter issues a clearpage to start on a new page, and the insertion of a vspace*, while necessary, inserts content that is sufficient for the clearpage to be realised. If you do ask a question, link to it in a comment. ctrl + space. The difference is almost unnoticeable. You have a opsep of roughly 2. It does not stretch or shrink and crucially it is treated like text not like space at the top of a page so it is not discarded at a page break. Before your egin {document} command. \documentclass{article} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \begin{document} Some text \hspace{1cm} more text. The vspace*{-aselineskip} eliminates the space between the first line and the table. 0. Everything is, at its lowest level an integer (portable floating point arithmetic wasn't standardized until 1985, well after TeX82's release, so Knuth had to implement his algorithms ex nihilo) and dimensions are represented in integer quantities of sp = 1/65536pt. A Short Introduction to Making Documents using LaTeX (continued) EXAMPLE 2: Now we walk you through creating a tex file for a simple math quiz for a calculus course. 5in} At the indentation of this sentence, TeX went into horizontal mode. Operators spacing. put par at the beginning of the end code for the environment to force the vertical space above the rule: {par obreakvspace {5igskipamount}HorzLine}21. One way to combat this contrariness is to add a strut after the it. 3. To make the code easier to read, I'd also move the vspace* directive out of the center environment. For figures, I can use negative \vspaces after the figure to get less space after it. My MWE might be a little too simplistic. LaTeX 命令 \vfill 插入无限长度的垂直橡胶，因此它可以根据需要拉伸或收缩。. 04\textwidth. Type H <return> for immediate help. 1 - vspace. 【LaTeX】垂直方向の空白(スペース)vspace. 167. The solution was to disable interlineskip with either offinterlineskip or ointerlineskip. And now, we use our new command exactly here\vspacebeforeline {18pt plus 6pt minus 6pt}, followed by a few other words to end the test. 4aselineskip. An alternative to use if hfill is more intuitive than hspace* {fill}, is to insert dummy text (like ull or mbox {}) at the (start and) end of the line. extfloatsep: space between last top float or first bottom float and the text (20. vspace和vskip的区别. 1 Actually, vspace and. In the first video we made a rather makeshift title page using the maketitle command and by using an includegraphics command in the itle command. documentclass [tikz] {standalone} colorlet {materialblue} {blue!40} colorlet {lightgray} {black!15} ewcommandprogramming [1] { egin {tikzpicture} [scale = 0. Not a trivial question: see this TeX. 15 & \vspace{0. 001 in} Area1 & \vspace{0. I tried using the \vspace command again, but encounter the following problem, with the code as follows: \documentclass [12pt, a4paper] {article} \usepackage [T1] {fontenc} \usepackage [english] {babel} \begin {document} \vspace* {1cm} \begin {center. Never end a paragraph with (whether positive or negative optional argument) <blank line>vspace {-5cm} should work. 2 Answers. The command vspace* adds the space. , setlength {ibitemsep} {2aselineskip}. I think more technically, vspace only has effect when LaTeX is in. Sep 10, 2014 at 4:05. Long answer: I am not getting this extra spacing you are referring to, but in any case I can show you an example so you see how you can reduce the space between lines. My guess is that Latex handles the switch to vertical mode more smartly with vspace than vskip, but I would have to see an MGE to be confident. Then the float contents, followed by a final horizontal rule. vspacefg and vspace*fg vspacefg and stretchfg, v ll Other vertical spacers Vertical Spacing Control vspacefg and stretchfg, v ll The \stretch{} command can be used in conjunction with the \vspace*{}, and \vspace{} commands such as: Hi! \vspace{stretch{1}} something \vspace{stretch{3}} else \pagebreak It will work if the \vspace is not the first thing in the column. will typeset a b and then add 1cm of space after that line. Eventually, the options any LaTeX beginner desired were born! The new (May 2021) package tabularray has two options to set the space before and after the table rows: abovesep and belowsep of the parameter rows!. The placement specifier parameter allows us to have control over the location of the figure in text. I am designing a titlepage for my report and I am a bit confused in deciding to use either parvspace{2cm} oindent or [2cm] (for example). \documentclass{article} \usepackage{lipsum} \begin{document} \lipsum[1-2] \vfill \centering{END OF DOCUMENT} \end{document} The LaTeX \vspace command adds vertical space. the best practice, and recommended, method of using LaTeX packages such as setspace and parskip which provide options and user-level commands to change the spacing of your LaTeX documents;; use of low-level TeX/LaTeX parameter. tex file. 0pt plus 2. And in fact the package specifies some hardcoded values for the three font sizes mentioned to achieve consistent line spacing at least for the most commonly. 001 in} 419773 & \vspace{0. You could add something invisible like mbox{} before it. Open this example in Overleaf. Compare with the hand written latex version using same class: Examining the generated tex file i see every definition (and similar) environment is prepended with some extra code. Extracting the x-coordinate is done via zposx{<label>}, which is expandable; it returns a number, which should be converted to. documentclass [twocolumn] {article} usepackage {blindtext} usepackage {graphicx} setlength {columnsep}{1in} egin {document} A width of exttt {10ex} produces: includegraphics [width=10ex] {overleaf-logo} vspace. I don't think you need those vbox which are not really LaTeX commands anyway, simply put a vspace between the rows. documentclass {article} itle {vspace {-7cm}} author {} date {} egin {document} maketitle Hello there. rpp. bibliography name. LaTeX forum ⇒ Graphics, Figures & Tables ⇒ adding vertical space in table Topic is solved. The length of the space can be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands, i. vspace{2cm} One line. vspace {1ex plus 0. This is often helpful in debugging. created using phantom {text}, with some other (shorter) text. So [4cm] will produce a whitespace of 4 cm. 2. The command \vspace* adds the space that is not deleted. To allow the stretchable spaces to have effect, everything is enclosed in a minipage with dimensions equal to the text. However, vspace can also appear in a paragraph and the vertical spacing will be applied below the text line where the. $$ \TeX\ typesets the entire paragraph into lines, but can only use the \tc{vspace} commands when in vertical mode, putting the lines together into. 161 1 4. " so vspace*{fill} works. cemtering doesn't although if you paragrphs have space (parskip) between them (as is default in letter) you may be seeing that. The example of text I am using (I just got the first . Spacing around operators and relations in math mode are governed by specific skip widths: For relational operators, such as < <, > > and = =, LaTeX establishes hickmuskip space. According to Wikipedia, footnotes were invented by an English printer called Richard Jugge (c. I have a listing environment, but the space between caption and listing is too large. Anyway, I found a solution to expand the vertical space in a table cell both upwards and downwards vertically by simply insering an empty box-control before the cell content. If you do not want to modify the standard template and just want a quick fix for this, you may add the following command to your document preamble: ewcommand {squeezeup} {vspace {-2. very small. LaTeX help 1. Why? Your are (wrongly) using the command center which actually starts the center environment, which is a list. will allow setting any line spacing. Add a comment. table of contents. . So, egin{adjustwidth}{-1cm}{-1cm} % <stuff> end{adjustwidth} will enlarge the text block width around this environment on the left by 1cm, and on the right by 1cm (adding a total of 2cm to the entire text width). , \setlength {\bibitemsep} {2\baselineskip}. However, to obtain an elegant format, simply use. You can specify vspace in postscript points. Thanks! – user2153235. In the previous post we looked at adding a bibliography to our thesis using the biblatex package. You have to specify where your images is allowed to be placed. As you had a word-space between the half-width subfigures so. , points, inches, etc. Instead of an explicit vspace{1cm} normally you should use one of the three standard LaTeX macros smallskip, medskip and igskip (or multiple of them). Shortly speaking, what are the differences between parvspace{2cm} oindent and [2cm]? When do we have to only use one rather than the other one? If MWE is really needed, see the following. At the beginning of a section vspace* is a better solution. }, that is: vspace* {5mm} section {Section 1} Some text subsection {Section 1. Apart of use of centering of Werner answer, you can also control the space below the captions with elowcaptionskip (for example elowcaptionskip-1em) in the preamble or adjust manually a particular space with a negative vspace (for example vspace {-1cm}) in the text under the float. After the paragraph break you may insert vertical. Short answer: Put vspace{-0. \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, for common inter-paragraph spaces. You could add something invisible like \mbox{} before it. prior to the table, and add a strut to the last entry in the table. In LyX, I added usepackage{amsmath} to Document -> Settings -> LaTeX Preamble. I am using overleaf. ; \floatsep: space left between floats (12. setstretch {1. The standard LATEX document classes article, report and book preset it to. LaTeX removes vertical space that comes at the end of a page. 0pt minus 4. 5mm}. 5 extheight} lipsum [2] end {document} As egreg says in the comments, the space will be removed if it occurs at the top of a page. In math mode, there are also other commands: . – Werner ♦. LaTeX removes horizontal space that comes at the end of a line. vtop, vertical box with reference point at the first line inside it. Is there a way to set the default length unit in a latex? For instance, I would like to write vspace {7} instead of vspace {7pt}. linespread {1. oindent We can finally state the algorithm: vspace {aselineskip}% Insert a blank line egin {algorithm} [H] While {$ (k < n)$} { do. To add vertical space between blocks, you could for example us addtobeamertemplate{block end}{}{vspace*{1. More information on the vspace command is available on TeXBlog. 3. This puts space between the two paragraphs. We can use TeX to see this in action. I have to subtract off aselineskip and parskip with each loop cycle,. ; Use the spreadlines environment from the mathtools package. 1. markdown. end {document} For more precise control over the margins, etc. 1 Answer. – Gonzalo Medina. egin{itemize}[topsep=0pt] item Item 1 item Item 2 end{itemize} vspace*{aselineskip} Now there is a good amount of space between the end of the previous list and the beginning of this paragraph, but a bit too much and achieved via a ``hack''. Use setlength {parskip} {0pt} setlength {itemsep} {0pt plus 1pt} after egin {itemize} And for the space after the list, use vspace. Here, left, bottom, right, and top are units of length, which trim the graphic for positive values and add space for negative values. 15pageheight} egin {quote} centering quote end {quote} ewpage. This time-honoured literary device is supported by LaTeX and in this help article we explain the main footnote-related commands and provide a range of examples to demonstrate their use. See full list on latex-tutorial. usepackage {setspace} after your documentclass line. doublespacing. It only takes a minute to sign up. end{document} Định dạng các chữ một cách cụ thểYou can hook into cftchapafterpnum for adding some vertical space after a chapter title in the table of contents. vspace if used mid paragraph, as here, stores the vertical space in a special place (a vadjust node) which is then inserted after the paragraph has been broken into lines, after the line on which the space is added. g. 001 in} \emph{m$^2$} \ My preference would be to adjust this without an external package, as I am using an old version of LaTeX on a server that I cannot replace. This will result in very bad formatting if you do not fill the line yourself. To produce (vertical) blank space between paragraphs, use \vspace. This behaviour is well defined but almost never what you want, it is almost always better to leave a blank line before the vspace so that the previous paragraph ends and TeX is in vertical mode so the space can be added at that point. For comparison lets look at a default documentclass {article} in LaTeX (with the package showframe to visualise the separation at the top) and one where we set. An online LaTeX editor that’s. h. Thanks for this really helpful answer. Vertical spacing in floats. Placement. Add a comment. cls makes it straightforward create exam papers and typeset questions. Such spaces could be adjusted, but it depends on the environment. of the whole document, there is @PeterGrill's answer, with the addendum that if you want the changes to only effect. I want to increase the spacing between the vertical lines, I can use vspace{2mm} but that is not possible to write at end of every line. . You can use setlength to change them as desired -- e. The space added by \vspace is deleted at the beginning of the page, as you have seen. Text at the top of the page. 5\fill} The following MWE currently adds the text to the end of the page. LaTeXにおいて，参考文献(リファレンス)をかく基本的な方法をわかりやすく解説します。You can use the caption package for this: usepackage [skip=2pt] {caption} % example skip set to 2pt. For instance if you wish to have the quote 1/3 down the page you can do. Information and discussion about graphics, figures & tables in LaTeX documents. Example code for a single 3-cell row: hline Logarithms & $lnleft (x ight)$ & % egin {minipage} [c] [10mm] [t] {0. Sep 10, 2014 at 4:05. I can set the vertical space between the 2 to something specific (using igskip or vspace), but I would like to put as much space as possible between the 2 instead, so that the first subfigure is at the top of the page, and the second one at the bottom (with the caption for the whole figure. If date was not defined, LaTeX will print the current date. Place the figure at the top of a text page. the best practice, and recommended, method of using LaTeX packages such as setspace and parskip which provide options and user-level commands to change the spacing of. 2 Box lengths 3 Length manipulation 3. -1. To "make the footnote number bold" you. Finally, you can manually insert negative spaces, say, with vspace{-3mm}. Mar 17, 2014 at 3:49. The above solution seems to affect all figures. 2aselineskip minus 0. 2 (such as font height 10pt, base line skip 12pt). Sign up to join this community. well as I said originally the sign doesn't really affect the choice much. Some more information. The redefinition (search-and-replace) is localized within the scope of the group. tex'. Good to hear this works. It only takes a minute to sign up. But, you can use this command in two ways. In the following MWE the space between figures is maximized thanks to a stretchable vertical space. Without using vspace the output would look like: Here is a MWE with. Some environments insert vertical space before. \hspace {<skip>} is a general horizontal spacing command, that tells TeX to leave that amount of horizontal space. LaTeX starts horizontal mode when a image is inserted by includegraphic. 0pt). TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. 3. 0pt plus 2. More precisley, vspace* adds an invisible horizontal rule to prevent the space it inserts from disappearing at a page break: now, setting opskip to zero prevents unwanted vertical space from being inserted above this invisible rule; on the other hand, issuing the onterlineskip command prevents the interline glue (and hence, the vertical. vspace{25mm} %25mm vertical space This text is. Here’s a complete guide on its usage and functionality. Specifier. vspace{10cm} Even more text. Share. I often use the caption (without numbers), typeset in smaller font, so it's more convenient than a center environment. I am knitting from Rmd to PDF. Here is the code of one of the. egin {rSection} {Education} egin {rSubsection} {Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Delhi University} {New Delhi, India}. Let's see the two commands that insert vertical blank spaces. Finally, to get rid of the page number, try pagestyle{empty}. TeX features some macros for fixed-length spacing. 1in space exactly where the command is called. Of course it respects font size, which determines the line height, so it automatically scales when you change the font size. of the whole document, there is @PeterGrill's answer, with the addendum that if you want the changes to only effect. Spacing around operators and relations in math mode are governed by specific skip widths: For relational operators, such as < <, > > and = =, LaTeX establishes hickmuskip space. 6. Note that approach two requires a scalable font, which is why I added the lmodern package. cls makes it straightforward create exam papers and typeset questions. for an academic cv) from Bibtex entries that additionally enables splitting publications into different sections (peer-reviewed, conference abstracts,. igskip will also do the trick. Quick and dirty: Add a negative vspace to the ToC: documentclass[12pt,onecolumn]{book} usepackage[a4paper, top=4cm,bottom=2. If vspace appears in the middle of a paragraph the space is added after the line containing it. You must not fight LaTeX, but rather embrace it. The difference is almost unnoticeable. You can replace the size with some other value to adjust the vertical spacing, for example vspace*{-5mm}. The width of the image is. 128. 5mm}} Then, you can use the command squeezeup throughout your document for reducing the free space after/before figures, formulas, etc. Once having made clear that mspace can only be used in math mode (and requires amsmath), mspace only accepts a length expressed in mu units (but the plus and minus components also accept fil[ll] units) or in terms of a mu based parameter ( hinmuskip, medmuskip and hickmuskip), hspace doesn't accept mu units,; we can describe the. , points, inches, etc. With the. \textfloatsep: space between last top float or first bottom float and the text (20. Latex espace horizontal: qquad,hspace, thinspace,enspace; Latex ensemble vide; Latex empty set; Latex écrire du texte dans les équations ou en mode mathématique; Latex dérivée, limite, somme, produit et intégrale; LateX Derivatives, Limits, Sums, Products and Integrals; Latex degree symbol; Latex dagger symbol or dual symbolbreaks the line without filling the current line. vspace only takes effect when LaTeX creates a line break or a new paragraph. This puts space between the two paragraphs. If vspace is used in vertical mode the space is added at that point. 6. You mark the starting of page 2 with. There are other discussions on the left alignments that seem very complicated. ; Distance between nodes in your images are very small, For their determinations I would use positioning library which enable to define distance between nodes borders (and not. 1cm} after LaTeX{} (adjust the size of the space to get the effect you want). Which one you choose is up to what spacing you wish. Add a comment. Licensing Information; Overview of LaTeX and Local Guide; Commands. It sets a 1in margin in all paper sizes and provides special commands to write and compute grades. Follow. The first node has nothing to complain about. For the other types of units the spacing is fixed at the given measurement. So to move to the right by 5cm and 1 cm from the. Reduce space before and after tabular environment. end{document} Left is Plain, right is LaTeX Conclusion: what you heard is not true. I assume the motivation here is that you have some fixed-height block (of text) at the top of the pages and some variable-height block (of text) at the bottom of the pages. Finally, here is a TeX stack exchange question about documentation/resources for ConTeXt. The main difference between space and ␣ is that the former obeys the space factor and the latter doesn't. Do you want to reduce space between paragraphs in general or in one particular spot? You could try vspace {-5pt} if it is just in one place but it is usually better to find a more systematic solution. LaTeX removes horizontal space that comes at the end of a line. You can add negative as well as positive space with an vspace command. So the igskip command is probably not what you are looking for. . LaTeX \vfill. 1. Its default with this package is. The parameter farskip governs the spacing above and between rows of subfloats; with captionskip we set the distance from the subfigure and the caption. \renewcommand*\arraystretch{1. In TeX boxes have a width, height and depth (cf. b. In the document body, don't use parskip but a blank line to separate paragraphs. tex), which allows to do conversions in a purely expandable way. For increase vertical space between successive tikz images with captions insert medskip or bigskipor vspace{<desired distance>} before the second tikz images. The setting 0pt plus 1pt on parskip means it is a rubber space (skip), that it is 0pt but can stretch to 1pt, i. It only takes a minute to sign up. Always use a list for this. item Form - Permite crearea de ecrane compuse din alte componente, cum ar fi imagini (I. You need to add in the space of the depth of the. Sorted by: 55. \end {document} This is the output it produces: Share. the first line of the answer seems to imply that the empty lines should go before/after the tabular (which is incorrect), and since my. As I stated in a comment, you can use the starred version of vspace {. Option 2: Introduce additional vertical space: [12pt] To achieve this for every paragraph, look at the parskip package . g. For example, the following code will insert a one-inch empty line: vspace {72pt} You can also use negative values for the length argument,. tex' (or if you are lazy enough, then you can simply copy and. 45linewidth} centering includegraphics. I found my way to this page and discovered that vspace {-1em}egin {itemize} [noitemsep,topsep=0pt] got rid of the space. 1cm] allows me to add space just before a hline but not after as. Stack Exchange Network. You can only use a line ending there by putting something in front (like ~) but this will probably cause an underfull hbox warning. Note you want \vspace* not \vfill or the space would be discarded if the column break happened at that point. vspace{5mm} %5mm vertical space This text still at the top, 5mm below the first paragraph. You can add negative as well as positive space with an vspace. It does not end the paragraph, just breaks the line. egin {itemize} setlengthitemsep {1em} item one item two item three end {itemize} Don't do that. vspace {1ex plus 0. The culprit there is the the opsep that gets added. Inserting vertical space by vspace{5pt} is not a good way. The vspace command adds vertical space. 这是因为 tcolorbox 的内部文本框与固定高度设置分离。. As I found out, using intextsep I could set space above and below the float and the texts. Two ways to do this with the verbatimbox package. If vspace appears in the middle of a paragraph the space is added after the line containing it. Maybe experiment with placing vspace {-15mm} BEFORE egin {figure} [H]. \chapter issues a \clearpage to start on a new page, and the insertion of a \vspace*, while necessary, inserts content that is sufficient for the \clearpage to be realised. Since I have longer (line-wrapped) text and an image in the. adding vertical space in table. Understanding minipages - aligning at top ). I have some problems when customizing author and affiliation using authblk. A simple. Learn how to insert line breaks, page breaks and blank spaces in LaTeX with different commands and options. The xspace package acts after the input processor and adds a space depending on. Lengths are units of distance relative to some document elements. To compensate for the remaining space I suggest setbeamertemplate {headline} {vskip3pt} instead (you might have to experiment with the exact value of the vertical space) Don't manually put formatting instructions like LARGE in macro arguments, change the respective font instead: setbeamerfont {frametitle}. But for binary operators such as +, − and ×, the medmuskip space is set. The behaviour in horizontal mode is sort of justifiable but rarely wanted so the simple. <left> increases the left margin; <before-sep> controls the. Thus LaTeX provides the hspace* variant. e. png} caption{M1. A simple vertical space will not make it clear to the reader, that the former subsection has ended and we're structurally back on the section level. Then instead of using array environment, which generates. Sorted by: 5. Introduction. ctrl + s. Lengths like opmargin influence the general margins of a document (although using packages like geometry is the preferred way to do so). However, LaTeX puts too much vspace below algorithms. I could use vspace to control it, but in this case, I should add the command to all of my listings. In LaTeX, there are several ways to create a two-column layout depending on your requirements. In addition to that, for a better look, other two \vspace {\fill} are used to equally distribute the images along the vertical. I have 2 subfigures vertically arranged using the subcaption package. The latter depends on the circumstances, namely, on whether the list was or was not started. See moreSorted by: 270. 5, so one-half. Place the figure at the bottom of a text page. It only takes a minute to sign up. If you don't want any space, just remove the vspace command but keep an empty line between the two included images. To ensure that white space is produced even at points in the document where line breaking takes place, one should replace hspace by hspace*. , points, inches, etc. To definitely place a paragraph after a figure, use the command FloatBarrier somewhere between the figure and the paragraph. 和 vspace{smallskipamount} 一样，一般是四分之一行距左右，有伸缩。 book 和 article 类别的默认值是 3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt 。 因为每个命令都是 vspace ，所以如果您在段落中间使用它，那么它将在您使用它的行和下一行之间插入其垂直空间，而不一定是在您使用它的位. 5cm}} Off-topic: you don't need graphicx with beamer; floating specifier such as [h!] don't make sense in a documentclass without floating mechanism; instead of textpos, I'd use beamer owns column mechanism1 Answer. Well, after all I~think that two lines would be even better. you can use the setspace package: usepackage {setspace} then use the commands: or. Since the default value of parfillskip is 0pt plus 1fil, you get centering. Espacios en blanco horizontales de longitud arbitraria se pueden insertar con el comando hspace . – John Kormylo.